9TH 10TH MOCK-EXAM 2015-2016 DATE SHEET

9TH 10TH DATE SHEET 2015-2016

TYPES OF CLAUSES

TYPES OF CLAUSES

A clause is a group of related words which has both a subject and a predicate. A clause is different from a phrase because a phrase is a group of related words which lacks either a subject or a predicate or both.

Adjective Clauses

Adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns. An adjective clause nearly always appears immediately following the noun or pronoun.

To test for adjective clauses there are a couple of questions that you can ask. Which one? What kind? Most adjective clauses begin with "who," "whom," "which," or "that." Sometimes the word may be understood. The words "that" or "who," for example, might not specifically be in the sentence, but they could be implied. To determine the subject of a clause ask "who?" or "what?" and then insert the verb.

Example:

The book that is on the floor should be returned to the library.

Occasionally, an adjective clause is introduced by a relative adverb, usually "when," "where," or "why."

Example:

Home is the place where you relax.

Adverb Clauses

Adverb clauses usually modify verbs, in which case they may appear anywhere in a sentence. They tell why, where, under what conditions, or to what degree the action occurred or situation existed. Unlike adjective clauses, they are frequently movable within the sentence.

Example:

When the timer rings, we know the cake is done. OR

We know the cake is done when the timer rings.

Adverb clauses always begin with a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions introduce clauses and express their relation to the rest of the sentence.

Noun Clauses

Noun clauses are not modifiers, so they are not subordinators like adjectives and adverbs, and they cannot stand alone. They must function within another sentence pattern, always as nouns. A noun clause functions as a subject, subject complement, direct object, or object of a preposition.

A noun clause usually begins with a relative pronoun like "that," "which," "who," "whoever," "whomever," "whose," "what," and "whatsoever." It can also begin with the subordinating conjunctions "how," "when," "where," "whether," and "why."

Examples:

Whoever wins the game will play in the tournament.

1. Rania is my mother-in-law who died several years ago. = adjective clause modifying the predicate nominative mother-in-law

 2. Atlantic City is where the Boardwalk is located. = noun clause used as the predicate nominative

 3. The man had another back operation because he ruptured another disk. = adverb clause modifying the verb had

 4. A nurse can find a job wherever she goes. = adverb clause modifying the verb can find

 5. Now I understand why you didn't want to attend. = noun clause used as the direct object

Types of Phrases

Types of Phrases

A phrase is a group of related words (within a sentence) without both subject and verb. For example, He is laughing at the joker.

A phrase functions as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective or preposition in a sentence. The function of a phrase depends on its construction (words it contains). On the basis of their functions and constructions, phrases are divided into various types i.e. noun phrase, verb phrase, adverb phrase, adjective phrase, appositive phrase, infinite phrase, participle phrase and gerund phrase.

Noun Phrase

      A noun phrase consists of a noun and other related words (usually modifiers and determiners) which modify the noun. It functions like a noun in a sentence.
A noun phrase consists of a noun as the head word and other words (usually modifiers and determiners) which come after or before the noun. The whole phrase works as a noun in a sentence.
Noun Phrase = noun + modifiers        (the modifiers can be after or before noun)

Examples.
            He is wearing a nice red shirt.                      (as noun/object)
            She brought a glass full of water.                (as noun/object)
            The boy with brown hair is laughing.           (as noun/subject)
            A man on the roof was shouting.                  (as noun/subject)

A sentence can also contain more noun phrases.
For example. The girl with blue eyes bought a beautiful chair.

Prepositional phrase.

      A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, object of preposition(noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other modifiers.
e.g. on a table, near a wall, in the room, at the door, under a tree
A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and mostly ends with a noun or pronoun. Whatever prepositional phrase ends with is called object of preposition. A prepositional phrase functions as an adjective or adverb in a sentence.

Examples.
              A boy on the roof is singing a song.              (As adjective)
              The man in the room is our teacher.             (As adjective)
              She is shouting in a loud voice.                    (As adverb)
               He always behaves in a good manner.        (As adverb)

 Adjective Phrase.

   An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence. It consists of adjectives, modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
An adjective phrase functions like an adjective to modify (or tell about) a noun or a pronoun in a sentence.
Examples.
              He is wearing a nice red shirt.                     (modifies shirt)
              The girl with brown hair is singing a song.  (modifies girl)
              He gave me a glass full of water.                (modifies glass)
              A boy from America won the race.               (modifies boy)
Prepositional phrases and participle phrases also function as adjectives so we can also call them adjective phrases when they function as adjective. In the above sentence “The girlwith brown hair is singing a song”, the phrase “with brown hair” is a prepositional phrase but it functions as an adjective.

 Adverb Phrase

An adverb phrase is a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence. It consists of adverbs or other words (preposition, noun, verb, modifiers) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence.
An adverb phrase functions like an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples
            He always behaves in a good manner.         (modifies verb behave)
            They were shouting in a loud voice.             (modifies verb shout)
            She always drives with care.                        (modifies verb drive)
            He sat in a corner of the room.                    (modifies verb sit)
            He returned in a short while.                        (modifies verb return)

A prepositional phrase can also act as an adverb phrase. For example in above sentence “He always behaves in a good manner”, the phrase “in a good manner” is a prepositional phrase but it acts as adverb phrase here.

Verb Phrase

     A verb phrase is a combination of main verb and its auxiliaries (helping verbs) in a sentence.

Examples.
             He is eating an apple.
             She has finished her work.
             You should study for the exam.
             She has been sleeping for two hours.
According to generative grammar, a verb phrase can consist of main verb, its auxiliaries, its complements and other modifiers. Hence it can refer to the whole predicate of a sentence.
Example. You should study for the exam.

 Infinitive Phrase

An infinitive phrase consist of an infinitive(to + simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associated to the infinitive. An infinitive phrase always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence.
Examples.
            He likes to read books.                             (As noun/object)
            To earn money is a desire of everyone.    (As noun/subject)
            He shouted to inform people about fire.  (As adverb, modifies verb shout)
            He made a plan to buy a car.                    (As adjective, modifies noun plan)

Gerund Phrase

A gerund phrase consists of a gerund(verb + ing) and modifiers or other words associated with the gerund. A gerund phrase acts as a noun in a sentence.

Examples
              I like writing good essays.                                 (As noun/object)
              She started thinking about the problem.           (As noun/object)
              Sleeping late in night is not a good habit.         (As noun/subject)
              Weeping of a baby woke him up.                       (As noun/subject)

Participle Phrase

            A participle phrase consists of a present participle (verb + ing), a past participle (verb ending in -ed or other form in case of irregular verbs) and modifiers or other associate words. A participle phrase is separated by commas. It always acts as an adjective in a sentence.

Examples
             The kids, making a noise, need food.                      (modifies kids)
             I received a letter, mentioning about my exam.     (modifies letter)
             The table, made of steel, is too expensive.             (modifies table)
             We saw a car, damaged in an accident.                  (modifies car)

Absolute Phrase

Absolute phrase (also called nominative phrase) is a group of words including a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any associated modifiers. Absolute phrase modifies (give information about) the entire sentence. It resembles a clause but it lack a true finite verb. It is separated by a comma or pairs of commas from the rest sentence.

Examples
             He looks sad, his face expressing worry.
             She was waiting for her friend, her eyes on the clock.
             John is painting a wall, his shirt dirty with paint.

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Summary of the poem.
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"   

  "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a thought-provoking poem composed by Robert Frost. He is an American poet of this century and this poem is one of his master-pieces of poetry. In this poem, the poet describes the conflict between love of nature and call of social responsibilities.
     On a dark winter evening, the narrator stops his little horse to watch the snow falling in the woods. Finding that the owner of the woods is absent, he decided to stay there. At this his horse is confused. He shakes his harness bell to ask if there is some mistake. Now the narrator realizes that he has many responsibilities to do and has many miles to go before sleep.     In short, the poet seems to be in a state of dilemma yet he trumpets the beauty of nature and hints at the need to carry on the daily affairs of life. The world of fantasy is very inviting. But one must maintain balance between the world of fantasy and reality. However, this poem is beautiful piece of poetry. Finally, it’s a poem full of wisdom. As Robert Frost states:


“A poem begins in delightand ends in wisdom”

Daffodils

SUMMARIES OF THE POEMS

Summary of the poem

Daffodils     

"Daffodils" is a lyrical poem composed by William Wordsworth. In this poem, being a poet of nature, the poet praises the beautiful objects of nature like breeze, waves and daffodils.

     One day the poet was wandering alone along the side of a lake in countryside. Suddenly, he saw a large number of golden daffodils. These flowers were growing beside the lake, dancing in the breeze and stretching like the stars in the Milky Way. The waves of the lake were also dancing with joy but the daffodils surpassed them. The poet was much delighted to see this beautiful scene. It left an everlasting impression on his memory.

     In the end the poet says that whenever he is in a thoughtful mood, the sight of the daffodils comes into his imagination and his heart is filled with pleasure. As

     One day the poet was wandering alone along the side of a lake in countryside. Suddenly, he saw a large number of golden daffodils. These flowers were growing beside the lake, dancing in the breeze and stretching like the stars in the Milky Way. The waves of the lake were also dancing with joy but the daffodils surpassed them. The poet was much delighted to see this beautiful scene. It left an everlasting impression on his memory.      In the end the poet says that whenever he is in a thoughtful mood, the sight of the daffodils comes into his imagination and his heart is filled with pleasure. As      One day the poet was wandering alone along the side of a lake in countryside. Suddenly, he saw a large number of golden daffodils. These flowers were growing beside the lake, dancing in the breeze and stretching like the stars in the Milky Way. The waves of the lake were also dancing with joy but the daffodils surpassed them. The poet was much delighted to see this beautiful scene. It left an everlasting impression on his memory.      In the end the poet says that whenever he is in a thoughtful mood, the sight of the daffodils comes into his imagination and his heart is filled with pleasure. As      One day the poet was wandering alone along the side of a lake in countryside. Suddenly, he saw a large number of golden daffodils. These flowers were growing beside the lake, dancing in the breeze and stretching like the stars in the Milky Way. The waves of the lake were also dancing with joy but the daffodils surpassed them. The poet was much delighted to see this beautiful scene. It left an everlasting impression on his memory.      In the end the poet says that whenever he is in a thoughtful mood, the sight of the daffodils comes into his imagination and his heart is filled with pleasure. As      One day the poet was wandering alone along the side of a lake in countryside. Suddenly, he saw a large number of golden daffodils. These flowers were growing beside the lake, dancing in the breeze and stretching like the stars in the Milky Way. The waves of the lake were also dancing with joy but the daffodils surpassed them. The poet was much delighted to see this beautiful scene. It left an everlasting impression on his memory.

     In the end the poet says that whenever he is in a thoughtful mood, the sight of the daffodils comes into his imagination and his heart is filled with pleasure. As Keats states:

“A thing of beauty isa joy forever.”

WRITE A LETTER TO YOUR FRIEND THANKING HER FOR HOSPITALITY DURING YOUR VISIT TO HIS/HER HOUSE

THE APEX ACADEMY

We Lead You to the Apex of Excellence

  

Examination Hall,

City: A.B.C.

June 26, 2015.

         

Dear Saba,

           I received your affectionate letter a few days ago. I am sorry for not being able to write you earlier because of some uncongenial circumstances. However, now here is everything in order.

           Actually, I reached home safe and sound. I had a comfortable journey full of entertainment. I miss you very much. I spent very good time with you. I enjoyed your company. I shall never forget the taste of Biryani and Quorma you cooked one day. I must thank you for the trip to Murree that you specially arranged for me.

Furthermore, I feel great pleasure to contact with you again. Finally, I hope it’ll find you hale and hearty.Convey my thanks to aunt and uncle for their kindness and love. They really made me feel at home.

Your sincerely,

X.Y.Z

Being a teacher,

Being a teacher, i lost many dearest
and nearest yet i'm in love with this loveliest
 profession which had given me great respect
 and a handsome group of friends. No doubt
it's bit tough yet it's quite interesting and full
of happiness. Living a life full of cares and
worries only my dreams made me able to get rid

 of them. However, now i have lost much of
 the passion still not pessimistic
 because it
has given me
unforgetable
memories , i.e. a teacher has to leave today or the other day...
However, it doesn't allow us to lose hope. In this world we mus live and go for our dreams. One hase to forget what has hurted or caused some sort of pain or
grief to one. Because , "man can be destroyed but not defeated" and i firmly believe that
Just Be \Humane; Be optimistic; Keep on going towards your goals whatever hurdles create obstacle on your way

26 amazing Pakistanis who have made us proud!

This informative and encouraging note is selected from a blog written by Rafay bin Ali for Express Tribune. My aim to share it with my students is to make them aware about the real talent of Pakistanis so that APEXIANS  may also achieve distinction in their livies

26 amazing Pakistanis who have made us proud!

Pakistan has some unsung heroes who are appreciated as much as they should be. 

There are plenty of problems in this country, yet somehow I always get the impression that the media outlets in Pakistan do tend to overemphasise the negative aspects over the positives. I am sure this statement would fetch many comments that can be classified as nefarious by any linguistic measure. But, please, do try to understand the point of all this.

The point is that the country is in transition- it is a volatile transition wherein we all must play a role to change the social standards and norms of Pakistan. In this blog post, I will go over a list of people of Pakistani descent, from diverse backgrounds, who are working diligently to promote a pro-Pakistan image abroad.

Their efforts combined with individual efforts from all of us would ultimately determine both the pace and the quality of the social change that we all so desire to manifest in Pakistan. I draw my inspiration from these people, I hope you do too.

Source: MIT

 1. Dr Umar Saif

An Associate Professor of Science and Engineering at the Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS). Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has named him one of the top 35 innovators of the world (TR35).  The list is compiled by MIT annually.

Source: Ourfutureworld.org

2. Naila Alam and Yasmeen Durrani

These two Pakistani women have been honoured by the White House for their humanitarian work. The Honour of Hope Award recipients manage a philanthropic venture called ‘Express Care’ which focuses on providing daily essentials, such as food and medicine, to low income individuals. The organisation also helps with employment.

Photo: Reuters

3. Ayesha Farooq

Ayesha is Pakistan’s first ever female war-ready fighter pilot. The 26-year-old fighter, hailing from Bahawalpur, is one of the 19 women who have achieved the ranks of pilots in the Pakistan Air Force over the last decade – there are five other female fighter pilots but they have yet to take the final tests to qualify for combat.

Source: Twitter

4. Faizan Buzdar

Acknowledged by the US President Barack Obama, Buzdar’s startup ‘Convo’ has successfully launched a social network for global organisations. His innovation has led to five million dollars in funding from venture capitalists in the US, including Morgenthaler Ventures which has significant holdings in tech giants such as Apple.

Buzdar is a graduate of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIKI) of Engineering Sciences and Technology.

Source: Harvard.edu

5. Professor Asim Khawaja

He is the first professor of Pakistani descent that has been hired by the prestigious Harvard University’s John F Kennedy School of Government. His research has received coverage from numerous media outlets including The Economist, New York Times, Washington Post, International Herald Tribune, Aljazeera, CNN and BBC.

Photo: AFP

6. Dr Arjumand Hashmi

A Pakistani-born mayor of a town called Paris, in Texas, USA.

What’s his claim to fame?

He has successfully created a community and inculcated a pro-Pakistani image in the Southern state that has been a hotbed of anti-Pakistan sentiments, especially during the tenure of President George W Bush Jr. He is an accomplished cardiologist and continues to run his practice as well.

Photo: AFP

7. Ali Moeen Nawazish

He is most notably famous for setting a record of acing 23 subjects in the Cambridge O-Level examinations. He is also the recipient of Pride of Performance award and his contributions to the field of education are immense. He continues to work tirelessly and has founded an organisation called ‘StepUP Pakistan’, where they aim to train teachers and improve education in the impoverished areas of the country; a noble effort by an equally noble youngster.

He truly deserves a standing ovation.

Photo: FILE

8. Naiza Khan

A visual artist and the recipient of the 2013 Prince Claus award. The Prince Claus award deliberates the honour to those individuals whose efforts have a positive impact in their respective societies. The fact that she is a Pakistani is indeed an honour for all of us.

She has successfully managed to promote a positive image of Pakistan with her work for all in the world to see.

Photo: FILE

9. Karamat Ali

Karamat is the Executive Director of The Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER). He is the recipient of South Asia Peace and Justice Award in India.

Source: Vimeo

10. Saba Gul

She is the Founder and CEO of Popinjay, a social enterprise that empowers marginalised underprivileged girls in Pakistan with education and provides them with employment opportunities by selling their goods (embroidered handbags currently) to a high-end market.

11. Syed Fahad Ali

The Founder of the Aghaz School. This school is a non-political and independent organisation focusing on providing free education to underprivileged children living in the slums of Karachi. This is also a side project of the Pakistan Youth Forum.

Photo: AFP

12. Mehak Gul

Gul started playing chess at the early age of six. She is now 13-year-old and is creating a pro-Pakistan image by being an internationally acclaimed chess player.

Photo: FILE

13. Rafiullah Kakar

At 23 years of age and hailing from Balochistan, the young gentleman is the 2013 Rhodes Scholar for Pakistan. The Rhodes scholarship is awarded to one Pakistani annually to study at Oxford University, UK. Hailing from one of the most volatile regions in the world, securing such a prestigious scholarship is a testament to this gentleman’s dedication and sincerity. Indeed, he will go on to earn massive accolades globally and, in the process, create a better image of Pakistan on a global stage.

I wish him the best of success in all his endeavours.

Photo: FILE

14. Maria Toorpakai Wazir

Maria, born in South Waziristan, is a professional squash player who has won international acclaims for Pakistan. She is currently ranked 54th in the world rank. She is a prolific speaker against extremism in society and has spoken at events such as TedxTeen.

Source:Dutchedu

15. Faisal Mirza

A recipient of the ECHO Awards in 2008; the ECHO Awards recognise the contribution ofIMMIGRANTS of ‘non-western’ descent on the basis of their talent in higher education. Mirza received a scholarship for a summer course at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he chose to study English and Public Policy.

Photo: AFP

16. Namira Salim

Salim is the first Pakistani to travel into space. She has officially been recognised as the ‘First Pakistani Astronaut’ by the government of Pakistan in 2006. She is also a peace activist and was conferred with Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2011.

Source: CNN

17. Ali Rehan

He is the co-founder and CEO of Eyedeus Labs; a tech start-up by Pakistani students that developed a mobile application so innovative that it was even featured on CNN and other global media.

Source: Calagary.edu

18. Dr Naweed I Syed

Dr Syed is a globally acclaimed scientist of Pakistani origin and head of the Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy at the University of Calgary’s Hotchkiss Brain Institute inCANADA. He is the first scientist to ‘connect brain cells to a silicon chip’. This is indeed a great honour for Pakistan.

Connecting brain cells to electronic chips opens up the potential to take artificial intelligence computing to the next stage and Dr Syed plays a leading role in this quest.

Photo: Shafiq Malik

19. Sabia Abbat

Abbat, originally from the Hazara division, is the winner of the National Cycling Championship. She is an emerging talent and her skills have been recognised nationally. She hopes to foster change and represent Pakistan in the South Asian games next year. She is an inspiration to all the young women out there who want to pursue their goals and, in the process, bring about positive change in the society.

Photo: AFP

20. Sarmad Tariq

Tariq has been an inspiration for people with physical disabilities. He is a motivational speaker and a corporate evangelist. He represented Pakistan in the ING New York City Marathon in 2005 and finished with a medal. Sarmad hopes to bring about positive change in the attitude of Pakistanis all over with his life coaching talks on various platforms.

Source: Newsline

21. Rosheen Khan

Khan is Pakistan’s first female master scuba diver and the only Nitrox diving instructor in Pakistan. She aims to introduce positive social changes with her efforts.

Photo: FILE

22. Parveen Saeed

Saeed, the owner of Khana Ghar, started her business to provide hot meals for three rupees to low income individuals. It has become a lifeline for hundreds of poor men and women who are unable to make ends meet.

The motivated people of Pakistan achieved what the government failed to deliver. This is precisely why I keep on insisting that it is crucial to look at Pakistan beyond how the media portrays it. The civil society in Pakistan is working tirelessly to enrich the lives of Pakistanis and improve society. With such people in our midst, the only way Project Pakistan can fail is if we let it.

Hats off to Ms Parveen Saeed for such an honourable venture.

23. Sameen Shahid

Shahid is a recipient of the OFID scholarship of 2009 to study at Harvard University’s John F Kennedy School of Government. The Public Administration degree that she pursues can help redefine the values and customs of governance for the Pakistan of the future.

Photo: FILE

24. Mir Zafar Ali

Ali is an Oscar winner movie visual effects curator. He has given life to characters such as Venom in Spider Man 3 as well as several other Hollywood flicks such as X-Men, The Mummy. He won an Oscar for Best Visual Effects in 2007 for the movie The Golden Compass.

Source: Business Insider

25. Waqas Ali

Ali is an entrepreneur and founder of an online shoe store called Hometown Shoes, where they sell locally manufactured leather shoes and accessories.

Photo: FILE

26. Bilal Masood

Maqsood is a student of Crossing Border Global Studies in Denmark and is also a certified trainer of the School of Leadership (SOL), Karachi. He has represented Pakistan as its youth ambassador on various platforms and is keen to bring about positive social change.

This is not the end of the trail. There are countless other Pakistanis working either as individuals or in teams that are bringing a positive image of Pakistan into the lime light and are laying the framework for positive social chance.

Pakistani civil society continues to unite during events of mass gravity. For example, recall how the civil society formed human chains to protest against the church bombings in Peshawar.

The civil society is abhorred at the gruesome and vile acts of terrorism that have become nomenclature for anything Pakistani globally. The same civil society also manages to come together and unite Pakistanis irrespective of their cultural or religious affiliation. When we label a society as a failure, it is not only the economic variables and the governance infrastructure that must be looked at. We must also inspect the level of empathy that the society, as a whole, shows for their fellow citizens.

Time and again, Pakistanis have proven their mettle by staying united when faced with disasters of mass calamity. The earthquakes and the 2010 Pakistan floods are another reminder of how the nation came together despite all odds.

Social changes such as those that Pakistan needs are never delivered overnight. They are a part of an evolutionary process that has multiple triggers with seemingly divergent paths leading to destination change. These Pakistanis from various shades of life and professions are keen for Pakistan to change for the better.

We must all follow suit.

Why does Pakistan continue to lag behind in most fields?

Why is it there an everlasting wave of terrorism that seems to grow stronger and more vile and viral?

Why is there perpetual lapse between what we say and what we do?

Why is there an utter disregard for ethics and moral in this society?

Why have standards from education to entertainment degraded?

The answers to all these questions are complex. However, steps are being taken in individual capacities by many and their efforts must be acknowledged and acclaimed.

Too often we assume that the rut that we are stuck in is a vicious cycle. This thought is a natural consequence for not being presented the brighter side of the picture. Once we start to appreciate the positives, along with acknowledging the negatives, we should be able to understand that the vicious cycle of misery, poverty, injustice and lawlessness has indeed been broken. It is a slow road to success and we are making a steady move towards destination progress.

The vehement tides of fate may turn around for the better. All Pakistan demands is commitment, dedication and sincere motivation, which people like these and many others like them have exhibited.

This New Year I hope we learn to smile at the positives, ponder over the negatives and learn from those making a difference.

Happy New Year, Pakistan!